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See the bidirectional evidence linking metals, microbes, and disease.", "date_published": "2026-07-14T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Essay", "Arsenic", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/heavy-metals-in-fertilizers-contamination-trends", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/heavy-metals-in-fertilizers-contamination-trends", "title": "Six Decades of Fertilizer Use Built a Legacy of Cadmium, Nickel, and Lead in Soils and Diets", "content_text": "Preprint — A food metallomics review (1960–2025) showing how phosphate and urea fertilizers loaded soils, crops, and diets with cadmium, nickel, lead, and chromium.", "date_published": "2026-01-31T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Original research", "Preprint", "Nickel", "Cadmium", "Lead", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/heavy-metals-microbial-metallomics-obesity-epidemic", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/heavy-metals-microbial-metallomics-obesity-epidemic", "title": "Heavy Metals and Microbial Metallomics: A New Framework for the US Obesity Epidemic", "content_text": "Preprint — How dietary cadmium, arsenic, lead, and nickel may disrupt gut microbial metallomics—driving dysbiosis, inflammation, and insulin resistance behind obesity.", "date_published": "2026-01-30T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Original research", "Preprint", "Nickel", "Arsenic", "Cadmium", "Lead", "Metabolic health", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/metal-vulnerability-vegetable-baby-foods", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/metal-vulnerability-vegetable-baby-foods", "title": "Developmental Readiness Is Not Toxicokinetic Safety: Heavy Metals in Vegetable-Based Baby Foods", "content_text": "Preprint — Developmental readiness for solids does not ensure toxicokinetic safety: leafy greens, brassicas and root crops concentrate lead, cadmium and arsenic in baby foods.", "date_published": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Original research", "Preprint", "Arsenic", "Cadmium", "Lead", "Early life", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/hmtc-infant-child-food-standards-2026", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/hmtc-infant-child-food-standards-2026", "title": "Concentration-Based Heavy Metal Standards to Reduce Real Exposure in Infant and Child Foods", "content_text": "Standard — HMTc 2026 sets concentration-based, as-sold action levels for lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and other heavy metals in infant and child foods.", "date_published": "2026-01-22T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" }, { "name": "Kimberly Eyer", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/kimberly-eyer" } ], "tags": [ "Original research", "Standard", "Nickel", "Arsenic", "Cadmium", "Lead", "Mercury", "Early life", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/nickel-necrotizing-enterocolitis", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/nickel-necrotizing-enterocolitis", "title": "Nickel as a Catalytic Driver of Necrotizing Enterocolitis", "content_text": "Journal article — Dietary nickel in infant formula may activate nickel-dependent microbial enzymes (urease, glyoxalase I) that drive necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.", "date_published": "2026-01-09T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Original research", "Journal article", "Nickel", "Early life" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/lactoferrin-itraconazole-fip-gingivitis-cats", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/lactoferrin-itraconazole-fip-gingivitis-cats", "title": "A Unified Model for FIP-Associated Gingivitis in Cats: Disrupting Microbial Shielding and Restoring Nutritional Immunity", "content_text": "Journal article — How itraconazole and lactoferrin may treat FIP-linked gingivitis in cats by disrupting polymicrobial biofilms and restoring metal-based nutritional immunity.", "date_published": "2025-12-29T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Original research", "Journal article", "Nutritional immunity" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/microbiome-medicine-journal-volume-1", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/microbiome-medicine-journal-volume-1", "title": "Microbiome Medicine Journal: Restoring Causal Structure to Disease Through Microbial Metallomics", "content_text": "Journal — Microbiome Medicine Journal Vol. I sets out a mechanism-first framework linking microbial ecology, host metallome regulation, and metal dyshomeostasis to disease.", "date_published": "2025-12-27T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" }, { "name": "Kimberly Eyer", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/kimberly-eyer" } ], "tags": [ "Original research", "Journal" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/parkinsons-dysbiosis-to-dyshomeostasis", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/parkinsons-dysbiosis-to-dyshomeostasis", "title": "From Dysbiosis to Dyshomeostasis: Reframing Parkinson's Through a Metallomic–Microbiome Lens", "content_text": "Journal article — A metallomics framework reframes Parkinson's as metal dyshomeostasis: iron, manganese, copper, zinc and nickel dysregulation drives dysbiosis and neuron loss.", "date_published": "2025-12-27T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Original research", "Journal article", "Iron", "Zinc", "Copper", "Nickel", "Manganese", "Neurobiology" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/melanin-metal-parkinsons-redheads", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/melanin-metal-parkinsons-redheads", "title": "The MC1R–Parkinson's Link May Be a Metallomic Story, Not a Cosmetic One", "content_text": "Journal article — A hypothesis linking MC1R red-hair variants to Parkinson's risk via melanin-metal chemistry: how copper, zinc, and iron shape neuromelanin's redox buffering.", "date_published": "2025-12-18T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Kimberly Eyer", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/kimberly-eyer" }, { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Original research", "Journal article", "Iron", "Zinc", "Copper", "Neurobiology" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/microbial-metallomics-parkinsons-framework", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/research/microbial-metallomics-parkinsons-framework", "title": "Parkinson's Disease as a Disorder of Metal Dyshomeostasis Amplified by Microbial Ecology", "content_text": "Journal article — A synthesis framework proposing Parkinson's disease begins with heavy-metal dyshomeostasis that drives ferroptosis, gut dysbiosis, and α-synuclein pathology.", "date_published": "2025-12-05T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": 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"content_text": "A 2024 PROGRESS cohort study links prenatal copper and cesium exposure, interacting with specific gut microbes, to elevated fecal calprotectin in children.", "date_published": "2025-11-14T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review", "Copper", "Early life", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/prenatal-acetaminophen-microbiome-cognition", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/prenatal-acetaminophen-microbiome-cognition", "title": "Prenatal Acetaminophen, the Infant Gut Microbiome, and Childhood Cognition", "content_text": "GESTE cohort links prenatal acetaminophen and caffeine to childhood gut microbiome shifts and cognition; Proteobacteria abundance modified WISC-IV scores.", "date_published": "2025-11-14T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": 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Metallomics Lens", "content_text": "Meta-analyses show oral lactoferrin can match or outperform ferrous sulfate for iron repletion, lowering IL-6 and hepcidin with fewer gut side effects.", "date_published": "2025-11-14T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review", "Iron" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/lactobacillus-plantarum-299v-oral-iron", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/lactobacillus-plantarum-299v-oral-iron", "title": "Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Oral Iron Therapy Tolerance", "content_text": "A randomized trial shows the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduces oral iron side effects and improves iron status in iron-deficiency anemia patients.", "date_published": "2025-11-14T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper 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"content_text": "A 21-day randomized placebo-controlled trial found ferrous fumarate did not significantly alter fecal microbiome composition in Australian reproductive-age women.", "date_published": "2025-11-14T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review", "Iron" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/iron-fortification-infant-microbiome-diarrhea", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/iron-fortification-infant-microbiome-diarrhea", "title": "Iron Fortification, the Infant Gut Microbiome, and Diarrhea Risk", "content_text": "Iron fortification shifts the infant gut microbiome toward enterobacteria and pathogenic E. coli, cutting protective bifidobacteria and raising diarrhea risk.", "date_published": "2025-11-14T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ 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sharpens X-ray absorption spectra by rejecting core-hole broadening, resolving mercury, selenium, and arsenic speciation in dilute biological samples for metallomics.", "date_published": "2025-11-14T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review", "Arsenic", "Mercury", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/gut-microbiome-childhood-stunting-lmic", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/gut-microbiome-childhood-stunting-lmic", "title": "Gut Microbiome and Childhood Stunting in Low- and Middle-Income Countries", "content_text": "Systematic review of 14 studies links childhood stunting in LMICs to inflammatory gut pathobionts and depleted butyrate producers, driving impaired linear growth.", "date_published": "2025-11-14T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": 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Predicting Bowel Damage in Crohn's Disease", "content_text": "Two-center study fusing gut microbiome, fecal and serum metabolomics, and MR enterography into a model predicting cumulative Crohn's bowel damage (AUC 0.857).", "date_published": "2025-11-14T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/heavy-metals-gut-microbiota-review", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/heavy-metals-gut-microbiota-review", "title": "The Human Microbiome Across Body Sites: Gut, Skin, Oral, Vaginal and Lung", "content_text": "How the human microbiome differs across the gut, skin, oral, vaginal and lung niches, how it is acquired and disrupted, and why heavy-metal exposure matters.", "date_published": "2025-11-13T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" 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"https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/metal-availability-immune-function-infection", "title": "Metal Availability and Immune Function During Infection", "content_text": "How zinc, iron, manganese, and copper availability shapes neutrophil and macrophage function during infection through nutritional immunity, calprotectin, and phagosomal metal handling.", "date_published": "2025-11-13T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review", "Iron", "Zinc", "Copper", "Manganese", "Nutritional immunity" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/iron-chelation-therapy-thalassemia", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/iron-chelation-therapy-thalassemia", "title": "Iron Chelation Therapy in Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia", "content_text": "Clinical review of deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox for transfusion iron overload in thalassemia, covering cardiac and hepatic iron outcomes measured by MRI T2*.", "date_published": "2025-11-13T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review", "Iron" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/heavy-metals-gut-microbiota-systematic-review", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/heavy-metals-gut-microbiota-systematic-review", "title": "Heavy Metals and the Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review", "content_text": "Systematic review of 12 human studies links arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium exposure to gut microbiota dysbiosis, leaky gut, and disease, with dietary mitigation.", "date_published": "2025-11-13T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review", "Arsenic", "Cadmium", "Lead", "Mercury", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "id": 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What they measured, and how to test microbial access, host response and disease.", "date_published": "2025-11-11T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review", "Iron", "Copper", "Methods & measurement" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/nife-cofactor-biosynthesis-ecoli", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/nife-cofactor-biosynthesis-ecoli", "title": "[NiFe]-Hydrogenase Cofactor Biosynthesis and the Hyp Maturation Proteins (HypA-F) in E. coli", "content_text": "How E. coli builds the NiFe(CN)2CO cofactor of [NiFe]-hydrogenases: the HypA-F maturation proteins, cyanide and CO ligand synthesis, and nickel insertion.", "date_published": "2025-11-10T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review", "Nickel", "Methods & measurement" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/zinc-clasp-cd4-cd8-lck-tcell", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/zinc-clasp-cd4-cd8-lck-tcell", "title": "The Zinc Clasp: How Zn2+ Shapes T-Cell Signaling", "content_text": "The zinc clasp is a Zn2+-bridged interface that tethers the kinase Lck to CD4 and CD8 coreceptors, a labile-zinc switch central to T-cell activation and immunity.", "date_published": "2025-11-10T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review", "Zinc" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/iron-metalloproteome-pseudomonas", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/iron-metalloproteome-pseudomonas", "title": "The Iron Metalloproteome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Under Oxic and Anoxic Conditions", "content_text": "Native metalloproteomics maps how Pseudomonas aeruginosa partitions iron across four protein complexes, with denitrification raising iron demand in anoxia.", "date_published": "2025-11-10T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review", "Iron", "Methods & measurement" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/arnr-4fe4s-nitric-oxide-sensing", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/arnr-4fe4s-nitric-oxide-sensing", "title": "Nitric Oxide Sensing by the [4Fe-4S] Regulator ArnR", "content_text": "ArnR uses a [4Fe-4S] cluster to sense nitric oxide: NO nitrosylates the cluster, abolishing DNA binding and derepressing nitrate-respiration and hmp genes.", "date_published": "2025-11-10T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/heavy-metals-obesity-pregnancy-upbeat", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/heavy-metals-obesity-pregnancy-upbeat", "title": "Maternal metallomics: what UPBEAT opens for microbial research", "content_text": "UPBEAT links maternal manganese and phosphorus to later outcomes. What the evidence means, and how to test host and microbial metal handling.", "date_published": "2025-11-10T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review", "Manganese", "Early life", "Metabolic health" ] }, { "id": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/iron-sulfur-clusters-oxygen-disease", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/library/iron-sulfur-clusters-oxygen-disease", "title": "Iron-Sulfur Clusters and Oxygen in Human Disease", "content_text": "How iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis and oxygen shape human disease: NFS1 in lung cancer, hyperoxia injury, and hypoxia therapy for Friedreich ataxia.", "date_published": "2025-11-10T00:00:00Z", "authors": [ { "name": "Karen Pendergrass", "url": "https://microbialmetallomics.com/people/karen-pendergrass" } ], "tags": [ "Paper review", "Iron" ] } ] }