[ { "title": "Vancomycin and zinc: starvation, assembly and resistance", "description": "Vancomycin can bind zinc, yet added zinc can also strengthen its activity in resistant bacteria. The experiments distinguish starvation from drug assembly.", "url": "/library/vancomycin-zinc-binding-antimicrobial-mechanisms", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2026-10-02", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Narrative synthesis", "setting": "Multiple study settings", "topics": [ "Zinc" ] }, { "title": "Transferrin, ferritin and the race to recycle heme", "description": "How transferrin, ferritin, haptoglobin and hemopexin route iron, protect tissue and face microbial piracy—and which experiments distinguish those effects.", "url": "/library/transferrin-ferritin-heme-recycling", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2026-10-02", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Narrative synthesis", "setting": "Multiple study settings", "topics": [ "Iron", "Nutritional immunity" ] }, { "title": "Silymarin, metal binding and the liver", "description": "Milk-thistle chemistry can bind or reduce metals, but nickel protection, lead measurements and human liver trials answer different mechanistic questions.", "url": "/library/silymarin-metal-binding-liver-evidence", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2026-10-02", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Narrative synthesis", "setting": "Multiple study settings", "topics": [ "Iron", "Copper", "Nickel", "Lead", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Parkinson’s dementia: shared copper depletion, distinct metal patterns", "description": "Brain copper loss in Parkinson’s dementia overlaps Alzheimer’s but differs by region. What this signature enables for microbial metallomics research.", "url": "/library/parkinsons-dementia-brain-metallomic-signature", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2026-10-02", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.641222", "sourceDoi": "10.3389/fnagi.2021.641222", "studyDesign": "Observational study", "setting": "Human postmortem tissue", "topics": [ "Zinc", "Copper", "Manganese", "Neurobiology" ] }, { "title": "Lactoferrin: iron withholding and microbial countermeasures", "description": "How lactoferrin withholds iron, disrupts microbial behavior, and faces bacterial countermeasures—and what oral human studies actually establish.", "url": "/library/lactoferrin-iron-withholding-microbial-countermeasures", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2026-10-02", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Narrative synthesis", "setting": "Multiple study settings", "topics": [ "Iron", "Nutritional immunity" ] }, { "title": "Hepcidin and ferroportin: iron redistribution in host defense", "description": "How hepcidin controls ferroportin, redistributes iron during inflammation, and creates different tradeoffs for microbes and red-cell production.", "url": "/library/hepcidin-ferroportin-iron-redistribution", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2026-10-02", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Narrative synthesis", "setting": "Multiple study settings", "topics": [ "Iron", "Nutritional immunity" ] }, { "title": "Glutathione, metals and the mitochondrial reserve", "description": "How glutathione supports enzymes, binds metals and enters mitochondria—and what drug metabolism does and does not establish about shared cellular reserve.", "url": "/library/glutathione-metals-mitochondria-drug-metabolism", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2026-10-02", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Narrative synthesis", "setting": "Multiple study settings", "topics": [ "Iron", "Copper" ] }, { "title": "Endometriosis at the metal–microbe–immune interface", "description": "How low-nickel dietary responses, red meat and heme iron, microbial signals, and nutritional immunity define a research program in endometriosis.", "url": "/library/endometriosis-metals-microbiome", "kind": "Research synthesis", "date": "2026-10-02", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Research synthesis", "setting": "Multiple study settings", "topics": [ "Iron", "Nickel", "Arsenic", "Cadmium", "Lead", "Nutritional immunity", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Dementia’s regional metal signatures", "description": "Dementia brain-metal signatures reveal regional copper loss and iron gain. A critical review connects these patterns to testable microbial-metallomics research.", "url": "/library/dementia-lewy-bodies-brain-metallomic-signatures", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2026-10-02", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1412356", "sourceDoi": "10.3389/fnins.2024.1412356", "studyDesign": "Observational study", "setting": "Human postmortem tissue", "topics": [ "Iron", "Copper", "Neurobiology" ] }, { "title": "Can probiotic yeast carry metals out of the gut?", "description": "How Saccharomyces boulardii and other yeasts bind lead, arsenic and mercury—and which experiments can distinguish adsorption from lasting removal.", "url": "/library/saccharomyces-boulardii-metal-biosorption", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2026-10-02", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Narrative synthesis", "setting": "Multiple study settings", "topics": [ "Arsenic", "Lead", "Mercury", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Bile, metal export and the route back", "description": "Bile carries metal-containing cargo, but bile acids, glutathione complexes, copper pumps and microbial transformations govern different steps toward elimination.", "url": "/library/bile-acids-biliary-metal-excretion", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2026-10-02", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Narrative synthesis", "setting": "Multiple study settings", "topics": [ "Copper", "Arsenic", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Alzheimer’s disease: copper depletion and regional metal contrasts", "description": "Alzheimer’s brain copper loss and regional iron and zinc changes reveal a spatial disease signature—and define experiments for microbial metallomics.", "url": "/library/alzheimers-brain-copper-metallomic-signature", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2026-10-02", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1039/C7MT00074J", "sourceDoi": "10.1039/C7MT00074J", "studyDesign": "Observational study", "setting": "Human postmortem tissue", "topics": [ "Iron", "Zinc", "Copper", "Neurobiology", "Methods & measurement" ] }, { "title": "Tampon Metals and the Vaginal Microbiome: The Blind Spot in the Risk Assessment", "description": "A 2026 FDA risk assessment by Jin et al. calls the metals in tampons safe, but only for one endpoint: the fraction absorbed systemically into the blood. That verdict rests on a single word, bioavailable. The vaginal microbes live on the surface, not in the bloodstream, and were never assessed.", "url": "/blog/tampon-metals-vaginal-microbiome-blind-spot", "kind": "Critical Commentary", "date": "2026-09-28", "updated": "2026-09-30", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfag065", "sourceDoi": "10.1093/toxsci/kfag065", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Nickel", "Vaginal microbiome" ] }, { "title": "Iron Fortification and the Kenyan Infant Gut Microbiome", "description": "A full review of Jaeggi et al. (Gut 2015): iron-fortified porridge increased pathogenic E. coli and enterobacteria, cut bifidobacteria, and inflamed the gut in Kenyan infants.", "url": "/library/iron-fortification-kenyan-infant-microbiome", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2026-07-17", "updated": "2026-07-17", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25143342/", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Randomized trial", "setting": "Human", "topics": [ "Iron", "Nutritional immunity", "Early life" ] }, { "title": "The Metal–Microbiome–Disease Axis: Who Gets the Metal?", "description": "Metals change microbial ecology; microbes change metal chemistry; inflammation changes local metal access. Follow the mechanisms connecting exposure, nutritional immunity, and disease.", "url": "/blog/metal-microbiome-disease-axis", "kind": "Essay", "date": "2026-07-16", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Iron", "Zinc", "Nutritional immunity", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Metals, the Microbiome, and Parkinson's: A Gut-First Pathway to Neurodegeneration", "description": "How heavy-metal exposure may reshape the gut microbiome and feed gut-first alpha-synuclein pathology in Parkinson's disease - a metallomic-microbiome view.", "url": "/blog/metals-microbiome-parkinsons-neurodegeneration", "kind": "Essay", "date": "2026-07-14", "updated": "2026-09-30", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Iron", "Manganese", "Lead", "Neurobiology", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Mercury, Methylmercury, and the Microbiome: How Gut Microbes Shape Neurotoxic Risk", "description": "How gut microbes methylate and demethylate mercury via hgcAB and merB, how mercury reshapes the microbiome, and why this shapes methylmercury neurotoxic risk.", "url": "/blog/mercury-methylmercury-microbiome", "kind": "Essay", "date": "2026-07-14", "updated": "2026-07-14", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Mercury", "Neurobiology", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "How Low-Dose Heavy Metals May Reshape the Gut Microbiome to Drive Obesity", "description": "Low-dose arsenic, cadmium, and lead may reshape the gut microbiome, depleting SCFA producers and promoting obesity and metabolic syndrome. Evidence examined.", "url": "/blog/metals-microbiome-obesity-metabolic-syndrome", "kind": "Essay", "date": "2026-07-14", "updated": "2026-09-30", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Arsenic", "Cadmium", "Lead", "Metabolic health", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "How Dietary Nickel Arms Gut Bacteria — and May Fuel Gut Disease", "description": "Dietary nickel activates nickel-dependent virulence enzymes in gut Enterobacteriaceae — a mechanistic pathway that may link nickel exposure to NEC and IBD.", "url": "/blog/nickel-gut-microbiome-disease", "kind": "Essay", "date": "2026-07-14", "updated": "2026-09-30", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Nickel", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Feeding the Enemy: How Dietary Iron Reshapes the Gut Microbiome and Raises Enteric Infection Risk", "description": "Unabsorbed iron can alter the gut microbiome and intestinal inflammation. Human trials show that effects on diarrhea vary by setting and formulation.", "url": "/blog/dietary-iron-microbiome-enteric-infection", "kind": "Essay", "date": "2026-07-14", "updated": "2026-09-30", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Iron", "Nutritional immunity" ] }, { "title": "Does Lead Harm the Developing Brain Through the Gut Microbiome?", "description": "Animal and human cohort studies link lead exposure to gut microbiome dysbiosis, a candidate mediator of lead's neurodevelopmental harm via the gut-brain axis.", "url": "/blog/lead-gut-microbiome-neurodevelopment", "kind": "Essay", "date": "2026-07-14", "updated": "2026-07-14", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Lead", "Neurobiology", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Cadmium and the Gut Microbiome: A Hidden Route to Metabolic Disease", "description": "Cadmium reshapes the gut microbiome, depletes Lachnospiraceae, weakens the gut barrier, and is linked to hepatic and metabolic dysfunction. An evidence review.", "url": "/blog/cadmium-gut-microbiome-metabolic-disease", "kind": "Essay", "date": "2026-07-14", "updated": "2026-07-14", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Cadmium", "Metabolic health", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Arsenic and the Gut Microbiome: A Two-Way Street", "description": "Arsenic reshapes the gut microbiome, and gut bacteria shape arsenic's toxicity in return. See the bidirectional evidence linking metals, microbes, and disease.", "url": "/blog/arsenic-gut-microbiome-two-way", "kind": "Essay", "date": "2026-07-14", "updated": "2026-07-14", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Arsenic", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Six Decades of Fertilizer Use Built a Legacy of Cadmium, Nickel, and Lead in Soils and Diets", "description": "A food metallomics review (1960–2025) showing how phosphate and urea fertilizers loaded soils, crops, and diets with cadmium, nickel, lead, and chromium.", "url": "/research/heavy-metals-in-fertilizers-contamination-trends", "kind": "Original research", "date": "2026-01-31", "updated": "2026-01-31", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "Preprint", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18439158", "sourceDoi": "10.5281/zenodo.18439158", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Nickel", "Cadmium", "Lead", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Heavy Metals and Microbial Metallomics: A New Framework for the US Obesity Epidemic", "description": "How dietary cadmium, arsenic, lead, and nickel may disrupt gut microbial metallomics—driving dysbiosis, inflammation, and insulin resistance behind obesity.", "url": "/research/heavy-metals-microbial-metallomics-obesity-epidemic", "kind": "Original research", "date": "2026-01-30", "updated": "2026-01-30", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "Preprint", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18434951", "sourceDoi": "10.5281/zenodo.18434951", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Nickel", "Arsenic", "Cadmium", "Lead", "Metabolic health", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Developmental Readiness Is Not Toxicokinetic Safety: Heavy Metals in Vegetable-Based Baby Foods", "description": "Developmental readiness for solids does not ensure toxicokinetic safety: leafy greens, brassicas and root crops concentrate lead, cadmium and arsenic in baby foods.", "url": "/research/metal-vulnerability-vegetable-baby-foods", "kind": "Original research", "date": "2026-01-25", "updated": "2026-01-25", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "Preprint", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18366816", "sourceDoi": "10.5281/zenodo.18366816", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Arsenic", "Cadmium", "Lead", "Early life", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Concentration-Based Heavy Metal Standards to Reduce Real Exposure in Infant and Child Foods", "description": "HMTc 2026 sets concentration-based, as-sold action levels for lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and other heavy metals in infant and child foods.", "url": "/research/hmtc-infant-child-food-standards-2026", "kind": "Original research", "date": "2026-01-22", "updated": "2026-01-22", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass", "Kimberly Eyer" ], "status": "Standard", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18339570", "sourceDoi": "10.5281/zenodo.18339570", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Nickel", "Arsenic", "Cadmium", "Lead", "Mercury", "Early life", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Nickel as a Catalytic Driver of Necrotizing Enterocolitis", "description": "Dietary nickel in infant formula may activate nickel-dependent microbial enzymes (urease, glyoxalase I) that drive necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.", "url": "/research/nickel-necrotizing-enterocolitis", "kind": "Original research", "date": "2026-01-09", "updated": "2026-01-09", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "Journal article", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18200348", "sourceDoi": "10.5281/zenodo.18200348", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Nickel", "Early life" ] }, { "title": "A Unified Model for FIP-Associated Gingivitis in Cats: Disrupting Microbial Shielding and Restoring Nutritional Immunity", "description": "How itraconazole and lactoferrin may treat FIP-linked gingivitis in cats by disrupting polymicrobial biofilms and restoring metal-based nutritional immunity.", "url": "/research/lactoferrin-itraconazole-fip-gingivitis-cats", "kind": "Original research", "date": "2025-12-29", "updated": "2025-12-29", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "Journal article", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18085985", "sourceDoi": "10.5281/zenodo.18085985", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Nutritional immunity" ] }, { "title": "Microbiome Medicine Journal: Restoring Causal Structure to Disease Through Microbial Metallomics", "description": "Microbiome Medicine Journal Vol. I sets out a mechanism-first framework linking microbial ecology, host metallome regulation, and metal dyshomeostasis to disease.", "url": "/research/microbiome-medicine-journal-volume-1", "kind": "Original research", "date": "2025-12-27", "updated": "2025-12-27", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass", "Kimberly Eyer" ], "status": "Journal", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18069668", "sourceDoi": "10.5281/zenodo.18069668", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [] }, { "title": "From Dysbiosis to Dyshomeostasis: Reframing Parkinson's Through a Metallomic–Microbiome Lens", "description": "A metallomics framework reframes Parkinson's as metal dyshomeostasis: iron, manganese, copper, zinc and nickel dysregulation drives dysbiosis and neuron loss.", "url": "/research/parkinsons-dysbiosis-to-dyshomeostasis", "kind": "Original research", "date": "2025-12-27", "updated": "2025-12-27", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "Journal article", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/18068369", "sourceDoi": "10.5281/zenodo.18068369", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Iron", "Zinc", "Copper", "Nickel", "Manganese", "Neurobiology" ] }, { "title": "The MC1R–Parkinson's Link May Be a Metallomic Story, Not a Cosmetic One", "description": "A hypothesis linking MC1R red-hair variants to Parkinson's risk via melanin-metal chemistry: how copper, zinc, and iron shape neuromelanin's redox buffering.", "url": "/research/melanin-metal-parkinsons-redheads", "kind": "Original research", "date": "2025-12-18", "updated": "2025-12-18", "authors": [ "Kimberly Eyer", "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "Journal article", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/17976306", "sourceDoi": "10.5281/zenodo.17976306", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Iron", "Zinc", "Copper", "Neurobiology" ] }, { "title": "Parkinson's Disease as a Disorder of Metal Dyshomeostasis Amplified by Microbial Ecology", "description": "A synthesis framework proposing Parkinson's disease begins with heavy-metal dyshomeostasis that drives ferroptosis, gut dysbiosis, and α-synuclein pathology.", "url": "/research/microbial-metallomics-parkinsons-framework", "kind": "Original research", "date": "2025-12-05", "updated": "2025-12-05", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "Journal article", "sourceUrl": "https://zenodo.org/records/17830083", "sourceDoi": "10.5281/zenodo.17830083", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Neurobiology" ] }, { "title": "Prenatal Tobacco Exposure and the Child Gut Microbiome", "description": "Prenatal smoking and childhood gut taxa were associated in an observational cohort; the responsible exposure components remain unresolved.", "url": "/library/perinatal-tobacco-child-gut-microbiota", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-14", "updated": "2026-09-30", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10799562/", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Observational study", "setting": "Human", "topics": [ "Early life", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Prenatal Metal Exposure, the Gut Microbiome, and Childhood Intestinal Inflammation", "description": "A 2024 PROGRESS cohort study links prenatal copper and cesium exposure, interacting with specific gut microbes, to elevated fecal calprotectin in children.", "url": "/library/prenatal-metals-microbiome-child-inflammation", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-14", "updated": "2025-11-14", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11501044/", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Observational study", "setting": "Human", "topics": [ "Copper", "Early life", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Prenatal Acetaminophen, the Infant Gut Microbiome, and Childhood Cognition", "description": "GESTE cohort links prenatal acetaminophen and caffeine to childhood gut microbiome shifts and cognition; Proteobacteria abundance modified WISC-IV scores.", "url": "/library/prenatal-acetaminophen-microbiome-cognition", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-14", "updated": "2025-11-14", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159357", "sourceDoi": "10.3390/ijerph19159357", "studyDesign": "Observational study", "setting": "Human", "topics": [ "Early life", "Neurobiology" ] }, { "title": "Pediatric Gut Microbiome Composition in Health: What a Systematic Review Reveals", "description": "A systematic review of 42 studies finds geography, diet, and 16S sequencing method, not age, shape healthy children's Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes gut profiles.", "url": "/library/pediatric-gut-microbiome-health-review", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-14", "updated": "2026-09-30", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010016", "sourceDoi": "10.3390/nu12010016", "studyDesign": "Systematic review", "setting": "Human studies", "topics": [ "Early life" ] }, { "title": "Lactoferrin vs. Ferrous Sulfate Through a Metallomics Lens", "description": "Meta-analyses show oral lactoferrin can match or outperform ferrous sulfate for iron repletion, lowering IL-6 and hepcidin with fewer gut side effects.", "url": "/library/lactoferrin-vs-ferrous-sulfate", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-14", "updated": "2026-09-30", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8838920/", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Iron" ] }, { "title": "Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Oral Iron Therapy Tolerance", "description": "A randomized trial shows the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduces oral iron side effects and improves iron status in iron-deficiency anemia patients.", "url": "/library/lactobacillus-plantarum-299v-oral-iron", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-14", "updated": "2026-09-30", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114524002757", "sourceDoi": "10.1017/S0007114524002757", "studyDesign": "Randomized trial", "setting": "Human", "topics": [ "Iron" ] }, { "title": "Iron- and Zinc-Biofortified Foods and the Gut Microbiota", "description": "Systematic review of iron/zinc-biofortified bean and wheat diets in the Gallus gallus model: staples raised SCFA-producing Lactobacillus and cut enteric pathogens.", "url": "/library/iron-zinc-biofortified-foods-gut-microbiota", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-14", "updated": "2025-11-14", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010189", "sourceDoi": "10.3390/nu13010189", "studyDesign": "Systematic review", "setting": "Animal studies", "topics": [ "Iron", "Zinc", "Nutritional immunity" ] }, { "title": "Iron Supplements and the Gut Microbiome in Reproductive-Age Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial", "description": "A 21-day randomized placebo-controlled trial found ferrous fumarate did not significantly alter fecal microbiome composition in Australian reproductive-age women.", "url": "/library/iron-supplements-microbiome-reproductive-women", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-14", "updated": "2025-11-14", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.014", "sourceDoi": "10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.014", "studyDesign": "Randomized trial", "setting": "Human", "topics": [ "Iron" ] }, { "title": "Iron Fortification, the Infant Gut Microbiome, and Diarrhea Risk", "description": "Iron fortification shifts the infant gut microbiome toward enterobacteria and pathogenic E. coli, cutting protective bifidobacteria and raising diarrhea risk.", "url": "/library/iron-fortification-infant-microbiome-diarrhea", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-14", "updated": "2026-09-30", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29070552/", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Iron", "Nutritional immunity", "Early life" ] }, { "title": "Intestinal Biomarkers and the Non-Motor Phenotype of Parkinson's Disease", "description": "Parkinson's patients with constipation show higher fecal calprotectin, reduced SCFAs, lower gut diversity, and greater IBD genetic risk, linking gut inflammation to non-motor severity.", "url": "/library/parkinsons-intestinal-biomarkers-nonmotor", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-14", "updated": "2025-11-14", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40336252/", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Observational study", "setting": "Human", "topics": [ "Neurobiology" ] }, { "title": "HERFD-XAS: High-Resolution X-ray Speciation of Biological Metals", "description": "HERFD-XAS sharpens X-ray absorption spectra by rejecting core-hole broadening, resolving mercury, selenium, and arsenic speciation in dilute biological samples for metallomics.", "url": "/library/herfd-xas-metallomics", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-14", "updated": "2025-11-14", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1093/mtomcs/mfaf038", "sourceDoi": "10.1093/mtomcs/mfaf038", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Arsenic", "Mercury", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Gut Microbiome and Childhood Stunting in Low- and Middle-Income Countries", "description": "Systematic review of 14 studies links childhood stunting in LMICs to inflammatory gut pathobionts and depleted butyrate producers, driving impaired linear growth.", "url": "/library/gut-microbiome-childhood-stunting-lmic", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-14", "updated": "2026-09-30", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11116508/", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Systematic review", "setting": "Human studies", "topics": [ "Early life" ] }, { "title": "Childhood Blood Metals and the Gut Microbiome: Evidence from the GESTE Cohort", "description": "GESTE cohort links childhood blood metals (Mn, Se, Cd, Hg, Pb) to gut microbiome composition in 6-7 year olds; manganese and selenium tied to bacterial phyla.", "url": "/library/childhood-blood-metals-microbiome-geste", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-14", "updated": "2025-11-14", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/EHP9674", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Observational study", "setting": "Human", "topics": [ "Manganese", "Early life" ] }, { "title": "A Multi-Omics + MR Enterography Model for Predicting Bowel Damage in Crohn's Disease", "description": "Two-center study fusing gut microbiome, fecal and serum metabolomics, and MR enterography into a model predicting cumulative Crohn's bowel damage (AUC 0.857).", "url": "/library/crohns-multiomics-mre-bowel-damage", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-14", "updated": "2025-11-14", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S524671", "sourceDoi": "10.2147/JIR.S524671", "studyDesign": "Observational study", "setting": "Human", "topics": [] }, { "title": "The Human Microbiome Across Body Sites: Gut, Skin, Oral, Vaginal and Lung", "description": "How the human microbiome differs across the gut, skin, oral, vaginal and lung niches, how it is acquired and disrupted, and why heavy-metal exposure matters.", "url": "/library/heavy-metals-gut-microbiota-review", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-13", "updated": "2025-11-13", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4", "sourceDoi": "10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Environmental exposure", "Vaginal microbiome" ] }, { "title": "Prenatal Metal Exposure, the Gut Microbiome, and Childhood Depression", "description": "A Mexico City birth-cohort study links a prenatal zinc-cobalt profile plus specific gut bacteria to 15.4% higher childhood depression scores at ages 9-11.", "url": "/library/prenatal-metals-microbiome-childhood-depression", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-13", "updated": "2025-11-13", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170361", "sourceDoi": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170361", "studyDesign": "Observational study", "setting": "Human", "topics": [ "Zinc", "Cobalt", "Early life", "Neurobiology", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Prenatal Lead Exposure and the Childhood Gut Microbiome", "description": "Prenatal lead exposure is negatively linked to the childhood gut microbiome: metagenomics from a Mexico City cohort ties maternal Pb to fewer beneficial bacteria.", "url": "/library/prenatal-lead-childhood-gut-microbiome", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-13", "updated": "2025-11-13", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1193919", "sourceDoi": "10.3389/fmicb.2023.1193919", "studyDesign": "Observational study", "setting": "Human", "topics": [ "Lead", "Early life", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Prebiotics Blunt the Gut Cost of Iron-Fortified Cereal in Kenyan Infants", "description": "In a Kenyan infant RCT, adding prebiotic GOS/FOS to iron-fortified cereal raised iron absorption 60% and reduced gut inflammation, pathogens, and dysbiosis.", "url": "/library/prebiotic-iron-cereal-kenyan-infants", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-13", "updated": "2025-11-13", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.11.018", "sourceDoi": "10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.11.018", "studyDesign": "Randomized trial", "setting": "Human", "topics": [ "Iron", "Nutritional immunity", "Early life" ] }, { "title": "Nutritional Immunity and Trace Metals in Infection", "description": "How the host uses iron, zinc, manganese and copper handling as nutritional immunity to starve or poison pathogens, plus metal-based therapeutic strategies.", "url": "/library/nutritional-immunity-trace-metals-infection", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-13", "updated": "2025-11-13", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00745-6", "sourceDoi": "10.1038/s41579-022-00745-6", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Iron", "Zinc", "Copper", "Manganese", "Nutritional immunity" ] }, { "title": "Metal Availability and Immune Function During Infection", "description": "How zinc, iron, manganese, and copper availability shapes neutrophil and macrophage function during infection through nutritional immunity, calprotectin, and phagosomal metal handling.", "url": "/library/metal-availability-immune-function-infection", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-13", "updated": "2025-11-13", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34483037/", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Iron", "Zinc", "Copper", "Manganese", "Nutritional immunity" ] }, { "title": "Iron Chelation Therapy in Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia", "description": "Clinical review of deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox for transfusion iron overload in thalassemia, covering cardiac and hepatic iron outcomes measured by MRI T2*.", "url": "/library/iron-chelation-therapy-thalassemia", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-13", "updated": "2025-11-13", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172003/", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Iron" ] }, { "title": "Heavy Metals and the Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review", "description": "Systematic review of 12 human studies links arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium exposure to gut microbiota dysbiosis, leaky gut, and disease, with dietary mitigation.", "url": "/library/heavy-metals-gut-microbiota-systematic-review", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-13", "updated": "2025-11-13", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11773724/", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Systematic review", "setting": "Human studies", "topics": [ "Arsenic", "Cadmium", "Lead", "Mercury", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Gallium as an Iron Mimic: Disrupting Pseudomonas Iron Metabolism in Cystic Fibrosis", "description": "Gallium substitutes for iron to sabotage Pseudomonas aeruginosa iron metabolism. A Phase 1 CF trial (Goss et al., Sci Transl Med 2018) found IV gallium improved lung function.", "url": "/library/gallium-cystic-fibrosis-pseudomonas", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-13", "updated": "2025-11-13", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30257953/", "sourceDoi": "", "studyDesign": "Early-phase clinical trial", "setting": "Human", "topics": [ "Iron", "Gallium" ] }, { "title": "Copper in Infectious Disease: Both Sides of the Penny", "description": "How the immune system weaponizes copper against pathogens: macrophage copper bursts, phagosomal intoxication, fungal copper detox, and copper nutritional immunity.", "url": "/library/copper-infectious-disease-both-sides", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-13", "updated": "2025-11-13", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.12.003", "sourceDoi": "10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.12.003", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Copper", "Nutritional immunity" ] }, { "title": "Arsenic Exposure Reshapes the Gut Microbiome of Bangladeshi Children, Enriching Resistance-Carrying E. coli", "description": "Arsenic-exposed Bangladeshi children carry more gut Proteobacteria and E. coli bearing arsenic-resistance (ars) and antibiotic-resistance-like genes, a metal-microbiome case study.", "url": "/library/arsenic-gut-ecoli-children-bangladesh", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-13", "updated": "2026-09-30", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188487", "sourceDoi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0188487", "studyDesign": "Observational study", "setting": "Human", "topics": [ "Arsenic", "Early life", "Environmental exposure" ] }, { "title": "Proteome-Scale Mapping of Iron-Binding Proteins in Bread Wheat", "description": "A proteome-wide scan of bread wheat mapped ~600 iron-binding proteins with Fe(II)/Fe(III) sites coordinated by His, Glu, Asp and Cys, aiding metallomics.", "url": "/library/wheat-iron-binding-proteome", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-11", "updated": "2025-11-11", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.02.012", "sourceDoi": "10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.02.012", "studyDesign": "Computational analysis", "setting": "Plant", "topics": [ "Iron", "Methods & measurement" ] }, { "title": "Colorectal cancer: mapping metals, cells, and microbial questions", "description": "Colorectal cancer metal maps reveal distinct copper and iron neighborhoods. What they measured, and how to test microbial access, host response and disease.", "url": "/library/spatial-metallomics-colorectal-cancer", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-11", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1093/mtomcs/mfaf034", "sourceDoi": "10.1093/mtomcs/mfaf034", "studyDesign": "Methods / proof of concept", "setting": "Human tissue", "topics": [ "Iron", "Copper", "Methods & measurement" ] }, { "title": "[NiFe]-Hydrogenase Cofactor Biosynthesis and the Hyp Maturation Proteins (HypA-F) in E. coli", "description": "How E. coli builds the NiFe(CN)2CO cofactor of [NiFe]-hydrogenases: the HypA-F maturation proteins, cyanide and CO ligand synthesis, and nickel insertion.", "url": "/library/nife-cofactor-biosynthesis-ecoli", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-10", "updated": "2025-11-10", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1093/mtomcs/mfaf015", "sourceDoi": "10.1093/mtomcs/mfaf015", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Nickel", "Methods & measurement" ] }, { "title": "The Zinc Clasp: How Zn2+ Shapes T-Cell Signaling", "description": "The zinc clasp is a Zn2+-bridged interface that tethers the kinase Lck to CD4 and CD8 coreceptors, a labile-zinc switch central to T-cell activation and immunity.", "url": "/library/zinc-clasp-cd4-cd8-lck-tcell", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-10", "updated": "2025-11-10", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1085643", "sourceDoi": "10.1126/science.1085643", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Zinc" ] }, { "title": "The Iron Metalloproteome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Under Oxic and Anoxic Conditions", "description": "Native metalloproteomics maps how Pseudomonas aeruginosa partitions iron across four protein complexes, with denitrification raising iron demand in anoxia.", "url": "/library/iron-metalloproteome-pseudomonas", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-10", "updated": "2025-11-10", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1093/mtomcs/mfaf023", "sourceDoi": "10.1093/mtomcs/mfaf023", "studyDesign": "Laboratory study", "setting": "Microbial culture", "topics": [ "Iron", "Methods & measurement" ] }, { "title": "Nitric Oxide Sensing by the [4Fe-4S] Regulator ArnR", "description": "ArnR uses a [4Fe-4S] cluster to sense nitric oxide: NO nitrosylates the cluster, abolishing DNA binding and derepressing nitrate-respiration and hmp genes.", "url": "/library/arnr-4fe4s-nitric-oxide-sensing", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-10", "updated": "2025-11-10", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1093/mtomcs/mfaf026", "sourceDoi": "10.1093/mtomcs/mfaf026", "studyDesign": "Laboratory study", "setting": "Molecular mechanism", "topics": [] }, { "title": "Maternal metallomics: what UPBEAT opens for microbial research", "description": "UPBEAT links maternal manganese and phosphorus to later outcomes. What the evidence means, and how to test host and microbial metal handling.", "url": "/library/heavy-metals-obesity-pregnancy-upbeat", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-10", "updated": "2026-10-02", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1093/mtomcs/mfaf031", "sourceDoi": "10.1093/mtomcs/mfaf031", "studyDesign": "Observational study", "setting": "Human", "topics": [ "Manganese", "Early life", "Metabolic health" ] }, { "title": "Iron-Sulfur Clusters and Oxygen in Human Disease", "description": "How iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis and oxygen shape human disease: NFS1 in lung cancer, hyperoxia injury, and hypoxia therapy for Friedreich ataxia.", "url": "/library/iron-sulfur-clusters-oxygen-disease", "kind": "Paper review", "date": "2025-11-10", "updated": "2025-11-10", "authors": [ "Karen Pendergrass" ], "status": "", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1093/mtomcs/mfaf022", "sourceDoi": "10.1093/mtomcs/mfaf022", "studyDesign": "", "setting": "", "topics": [ "Iron" ] } ]